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Firas Chaib edited this page <relative-time datetime="2022-05-17T21:47:12Z" class="no-wrap">May 17, 2022</relative-time>
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<h1><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Description</h1>

I was told to find the secret message being sent over this packet capture, but I'm stumped. I've been told it has been hidden in some banner? Can you figure it out?


Note: this is not related to an http banner



<h2><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Hints</h2>

  • Packet #4755 looks interesting...

  • The tool binwalk will be useful


<h2><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Files</h2>

banner.pcapng


<h1><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Solution</h1>
<h2><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Recon</h2>

  • pcap files are always sus :3 use wireshark


<h2><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Execution</h2>

As intuitive as it may sound, I went ahead and opened the file with wireshark


Well just to clarify : when I solved this challenge there were no hints provided, so I solved it in the following way :


After analyzing the packet capture a bit i went ahead and filtered the http requests :



I saw an http get request so I extracted it in raw :



now I tried to extract some data from the output file using binwalk and the result was a file system under the name squashfs-root :


<div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="┌─[not1cyyy@0x45] - [~/Desktop/PatriotCTF/banner_FINISHED/_tcpdump.extracted/squashfs-root] - [mar. mai 17, 22:28]
└─[$] <> ls
bin etc mnt proc root sys usr www
dev lib overlay rom sbin tmp var">
┌─[not1cyyy@0x45] - [~/Desktop/PatriotCTF/banner_FINISHED/_tcpdump.extracted/squashfs-root] - [mar. mai 17, 22:28]
└─[$] <> ls
bin etc mnt proc root sys usr www
dev lib overlay rom sbin tmp var
</div>

now since the challenge name is "banner" I tried to find any file with that name so I ran the command find . -name "banner" and here is the result :


<div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="┌─[not1cyyy@0x45] - [~/Desktop/PatriotCTF/banner_FINISHED/_tcpdump.extracted/squashfs-root] - [mar. mai 17, 22:31]
└─[$] <> find . -name "banner"
./etc/banner">
┌─[not1cyyy@0x45] - [~/Desktop/PatriotCTF/banner_FINISHED/_tcpdump.extracted/squashfs-root] - [mar. mai 17, 22:31]
└─[$] <> find . -name "banner"
./etc/banner
</div>

so I accessed the etc directory and ran cat against the file named "banner" :


<div class="snippet-clipboard-content notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="┌─[not1cyyy@0x45] - [~/Desktop/PatriotCTF/banner_FINISHED/_tcpdump.extracted/squashfs-root/etc] - [mar. mai 17, 22:32]
└─[$] <> cat banner
ad888 888ba
88888888ba ,ad8888ba, 888888888888 88888888888 88' 88 ad888888b, 88 88 88 ad888888b, ad888888b, `88
88 "8b d8"' `"8b 88 88 88 "" ,d ,d d8" "88 88 ,d88 88 d8" "88 d8" "88 ,d 88
88 ,8P d8' 88 88 88 88 88 a8P 88 888888 88 a8P a8P 88 88
88aaaaaa8P' 88 88 88aaaaa ,8P 88 88 88 ,adPPYba, MM88MMM ,adPPYYba, MM88MMM aad8" ,adPPYba, 88,dPPYba, 88 ,adPPYba, 88 ,d8 aad8" 8b,dPPYba, 8b,dPPYba, 88 88 ,adPPYb,d8 ,adPPYb,d8 aad8" MM88MMM ,adPPYba, Y8,
88""""""' 88 88 88""""" 88( 88 88 88 I8[ "" 88 "" `Y8 88 ""Y8, a8" "" 88P' "8a 88 a8" "" 88 ,a8" ""Y8, 88P' `"8a 88P' `"8a 88 88 a8" `Y88 a8" `Y88 ""Y8, 88 I8[ "" )88
88 Y8, 88 88 "8b 88 88 88 `"Y8ba, 88 ,adPPPPP88 88 "8b 8b 88 88 88 8b 8888[ "8b 88 88 88 88 88 88 8b 88 8b 88 "8b 88 `"Y8ba, d8"
88 Y8a. .a8P 88 88 88 88 "8a, ,a88 aa ]8I 88, 88, ,88 88, Y8, a88 "8a, ,aa 88 88 88 "8a, ,aa 88`"Yba, Y8, a88 88 88 88 88 "8a, ,a88 "8a, ,d88 "8a, ,d88 Y8, a88 88, aa ]8I 88
88 `"Y8888Y"' 88 88 88 88 `"YbbdP'Y8 `"YbbdP"' "Y888 `"8bbdP"Y8 "Y888 "Y888888P' `"Ybbd8"' 88 88 88 `"Ybbd8"' 88 `Y8a "Y888888P' 88 88 88 88 `"YbbdP'Y8 `"YbbdP"Y8 `"YbbdP"Y8 "Y888888P' "Y888 `"YbbdP"' 88
88, ,88 aa, ,88 aa, ,88 ,88
"Y888 888P" 888888888888 888888888888 888888888888 "Y8bbdP" "Y8bbdP" 888P" ">
┌─[not1cyyy@0x45] - [~/Desktop/PatriotCTF/banner_FINISHED/_tcpdump.extracted/squashfs-root/etc] - [mar. mai 17, 22:32]
└─[$] <> cat banner
ad888 888ba
88888888ba ,ad8888ba, 888888888888 88888888888 88' 88 ad888888b, 88 88 88 ad888888b, ad888888b, `88
88 "8b d8"' `"8b 88 88 88 "" ,d ,d d8" "88 88 ,d88 88 d8" "88 d8" "88 ,d 88
88 ,8P d8' 88 88 88 88 88 a8P 88 888888 88 a8P a8P 88 88
88aaaaaa8P' 88 88 88aaaaa ,8P 88 88 88 ,adPPYba, MM88MMM ,adPPYYba, MM88MMM aad8" ,adPPYba, 88,dPPYba, 88 ,adPPYba, 88 ,d8 aad8" 8b,dPPYba, 8b,dPPYba, 88 88 ,adPPYb,d8 ,adPPYb,d8 aad8" MM88MMM ,adPPYba, Y8,
88""""""' 88 88 88""""" 88( 88 88 88 I8[ "" 88 "" `Y8 88 ""Y8, a8" "" 88P' "8a 88 a8" "" 88 ,a8" ""Y8, 88P' `"8a 88P' `"8a 88 88 a8" `Y88 a8" `Y88 ""Y8, 88 I8[ "" )88
88 Y8, 88 88 "8b 88 88 88 `"Y8ba, 88 ,adPPPPP88 88 "8b 8b 88 88 88 8b 8888[ "8b 88 88 88 88 88 88 8b 88 8b 88 "8b 88 `"Y8ba, d8"
88 Y8a. .a8P 88 88 88 88 "8a, ,a88 aa ]8I 88, 88, ,88 88, Y8, a88 "8a, ,aa 88 88 88 "8a, ,aa 88`"Yba, Y8, a88 88 88 88 88 "8a, ,a88 "8a, ,d88 "8a, ,d88 Y8, a88 88, aa ]8I 88
88 `"Y8888Y"' 88 88 88 88 `"YbbdP'Y8 `"YbbdP"' "Y888 `"8bbdP"Y8 "Y888 "Y888888P' `"Ybbd8"' 88 88 88 `"Ybbd8"' 88 `Y8a "Y888888P' 88 88 88 88 `"YbbdP'Y8 `"YbbdP"Y8 `"YbbdP"Y8 "Y888888P' "Y888 `"YbbdP"' 88
88, ,88 aa, ,88 aa, ,88 ,88
"Y888 888P" 888888888888 888888888888 888888888888 "Y8bbdP" "Y8bbdP" 888P"
</div>

At first it may seem like random gibberish but by zooming out of the terminal you'll see the flag !


<h1><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg>Flag</h1>

PCTF{just_at3_ch1ck3n_nugg3ts}

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<div id="ajax-error-message" class="ajax-error-message flash flash-error" hidden>
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert">
<path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
</svg>
<button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</button>
You can’t perform that action at this time.
</div>

<div class="js-stale-session-flash flash flash-warn flash-banner" hidden
>
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-alert">
<path d="M6.457 1.047c.659-1.234 2.427-1.234 3.086 0l6.082 11.378A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.082 15H1.918a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.543-2.575Zm1.763.707a.25.25 0 0 0-.44 0L1.698 13.132a.25.25 0 0 0 .22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path>
</svg>
<span>You signed in with another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span>
<span>You signed out in another tab or window. Reload to refresh your session.</span>
</div>
<template id="site-details-dialog">
<details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open>
<summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary>
<details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal">
<button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog>
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x">
<path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path>
</svg>
</button>
<div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div>
</details-dialog>
</details>
</template>

<div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;" tabindex="0">
<div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;">
</div>
</div>

<template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button">
<div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0">
<clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 tooltipped-no-delay" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w">
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2">
<path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path>
</svg>
<svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2">
<path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path>
</svg>
</clipboard-copy>
</div>
</template>

</div>

<div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only" aria-live="polite" ></div>
</body>
</html>

Original writeup (https://github.com/not1cyyy/CTF-Writeups/wiki/PatriotCTF-:-Banner).